Toshiba is a Japanese multinational corporation with roots in late 19th-century innovations by Hisashige Tanaka (Tanaka Engineering Works, 1875) and Ichisuke Fujioka (Hakunetsu-sha, 1890), merging in 1939 to form Tokyo Shibaura Electric, officially becoming Toshiba in 1978. Known for inventing flash memory (1984) and pioneering consumer electronics, it grew into a tech giant but faced major accounting scandals in 2015, leading to restructuring, though it remains a significant player in energy, infrastructure, and digital solutions.
